My Volcano PBL

This is my model of an extinct Volcano. To make it more realistic, I used dark green and light green for the grass and light blue and dark blue for the water. What I enjoyed the most was molding the chicken wire to make my volcano. What I thought was challenging was when I was doing my paper mache because some of the newspaper wouldn’t stick to the chicken wire.

What is a Volcano?

The earth is made from 4 layers, the inner core, the outer core the mantle and the crust. The crust is broken into pieces called tectonic plates. When these tectonic plates rub together they create pressure, when the pressure builds up, the mantle pushes through the crust which forms a volcano. Rocks, ash and lava fragments come spitting out of the crater of volcanoes in an eruption. Lava can erupt out of a volcano in an explosion or it can gently drizzle out. There are 4 different shapes of volcanoes. There are Cinder cone volcanoes, Composite volcanoes, Shield volcanoes and Lava dome volcanoes.

Volcanic Rocks

Obsidian Obsidian is an Igneous that is formed when molten lava is suddenly cooled when it flows into water. Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an outstanding igneous rock. Facts: Obsidian can only form near active volcanoes When obsidian breaks, the fractures are very sharp which is why it was used for tools

Pumice Pumice is a Igneous rock.The holes are vesicles that are actually gas bubbles trapped inside during rapid cooling in the molten magma. The materials cool so fast that the molecule cant get into a crystal form, so pumice is  volcanic glass known as a mineral Facts: Pumice is short for Pumicite The size of pumice can range from tiny dust particles to pumice pieces the size of a house.

Rhyolite Rhyolite is a igneous rock formed How It Is Formed: Formation of Rhyolite usually is in continental margin volcanic eruptions where the granitic magma reaches the surface. Facts: Due to the release of Huge amounts of trapped gases, the eruptions of Rhyolite may be highly explosive.

Positive	Negative
Farming Heating Horticulture Metals/Stones/Rocks	Destruction Damage Pollution Harmful

What impact do volcanoes have on the world we live in?

Negative

Volcanoes are harmful because they can cause lots of destruction and damage to buildings, houses and the environment. Volcanoes can also let out ash and smoke when it's erupting which pollutes the air. The weathering of volcanic rock caused by rain and temperature changes can negatively affect our land and stone buildings by wearing them away for example the statue of queen Victoria in london was so badly weathered that the nose crumbled away and had to be replaced.

Positive

Volcanoes can help the earth because the ash has nutrients and minerals which help plants grow and also help soil on farms. Volcanoes are good for heating because they create a lot of energy which is taken from the earth through drilled holes or geysers and used in power plants. Rocks and minerals help us because for instance obsidian can be carved into a tool and used for cutting things. Pumice can be used for multiple purposes including sharpening tools and removing dry skin.  They can also be used in the making of concrete and limestone. Minerals are mined and used to make everyday things for example match stick heads are made from sulphur, pencil leads contain graphite and baby powder is made from a mineral called talc.